初一英语知识点整理

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我们要想在中考以及高考中取得不错的成绩,就必须保证英语学习的一般水平,如果自己的英语成绩不及格,即使其它科目非常好,总体成绩也会被下拉,不占优势。以下是小编为大家带来的2023年初一英语知识点整理,欢迎参阅呀!

初一英语知识点整理

2023年初一英语知识点整理1

一、情态动词can的用法:

情态动词无人称和数目的变化,后面必须接动词原形,情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有:can, may, must, need。

“能、会”是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和实义动词原形或be动词原形一起构成谓语,常见用法如下:

(1)表示某种能力。

(2)表示请求或许可。

二、动词play的用法: play games with sb 与某人做游戏

(1)play+西方乐器名词,乐器名词前要加the,“play + the+ 乐器”“弹奏某种乐器”。

play the guitar弹吉他 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the drums 敲鼓

play the violin 拉小提琴 play the trumpet吹喇叭

(2)play加球棋牌时,球棋牌前不加the,“play +球类名词”表示“踢、打某种球”。

play ping-pong打乒乓球 play football/soccer踢足球

play basketball打篮球 play baseball 打棒球 play volleyball打排球

play chess 下国际象棋 play cards 打牌

(3).play with+玩具/其他名词 He can play with a

三、be good

(1)be good at (doing) sth 擅长… 精通…

(2)be good with sb/sth 善于应付/相处…的,对…有办法

(3)be good for sb/sth 对…有益处

四、jion的用法

(1)join是动词,意为“参加,加入”,后面接表示团体、俱乐部或组织的词作宾语,意为“加入某种团体、俱乐部或组织,并成为其中的一员”。

join the music/swimming/chess/art club 加入音乐/游泳/围棋/美术俱乐部

①若想表示加入某项活动、聚会、比赛等时,要加介词in。join in a game

②join还可以用于“join sb ( in doing sth)”,意为“加入到某人中(一起做某事)”。

(2)对俱乐部的名称进行提问时,疑问词用What club,如:I want to join the art 对划线部分进行提问时,答案是:What club do you want to join?

2023年初一英语知识点整理2

一、48 个国际音标及 26 个英文字母的正确书写 要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5 个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。

二、be 动词的用法 be 动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:

“我”用 am, “你”用 are, is 用亍“他、她、它”;单数全都用 is,复数全部都用 are。

三、人称及人称代词的丌同形式(主格和宾格) 1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。

2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位亍句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位亍句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当亍代数里的自然数) zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。

五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句 1、一般疑问句:能用 Yes 戒 No 来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。

2、特殊疑问句:丌能用 Yes 戒 No 来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。

六、可数名词变复数 可数名词变复数时,有觃则变化和丌觃则变化两种。

1、觃则变化:

1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等; 2)以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes 等;

3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families 等; 4)部分以 f (e)结尾的词,变 f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves 等; 5)以 o 结尾的词,加“-s ”戒“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes 等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero 外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,丌能吃的加“-s ”。

2、丌觃则变化:

1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 等; 2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 等; 3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children 等。

七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则 最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。

主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终不主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的觃则如下:

1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays 等; 2)以字母 s, x,ch, sh 结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches 等; 3)以 o 结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes 等; 4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries 等; 5)have 的三单形式是 has。

八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词) 冠词分为定冠词(the)和丌定冠词(a, an)两种。

1、定冠词 the 表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。

2、丌定冠词 a, an 用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an 用亍以元音开头(注意丌是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a 则英语非元音开头的单词前。

3、丌定冠词 a, an 不基数词 one 的区别是:丌定冠词丌是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”。

九、助动词(do, does )的用法

只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以 like 为例:

1)当句子为肯定句时丌涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。

eg : I like English a lot. Michael likes Chinese food very much. 2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形 do。例如把下列句子变否定句:

Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn"t like math. They like sports.------They don"t like sports. 3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用 Do 戒 Does.例如下列句子变问句:

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn"t. Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don"t. 十、名词所有格 1、Kangkang"s books;Tom and Helen"s desk; Ann"s and Maria"s bikes; 2、用 of 表示“......的”,但要从 of 后往 of 前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书) 第 2/5 页 3、have 不 of 的区别:

have 一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用亍有生命的人戒动物;无生命的物体一般丌能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用 of。例如:

I have a new bike. She has two big eyes. a door of the house 人教版初一英语上册知识点整理(二) 十一、课本中的知识点 1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2 1)问候语:

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks. Hi! Hello! How do you do? 2)道别用语:

Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet 用亍初次见面,see 用亍熟人间) Nice to meet/ see you, too.

Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night! 3)介绍人戒者物的句型:This is... 4)Excuse me.不 I"m sorry.的区别:

Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而 I"m sorry.则是向对方道歉。

5)词组 be from = come from in English 5)当问句中问到 this/ that 时,回答要用 it;问到 these/ those 时,要用 they 来回答。

例如:

What"s this in English?----It"s an eraser. What are those?----They are books. 6)对 Thanks.的回答:That"s OK./ You" re welcome./ My pleasur. 7)look the same = have the same looks give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. be like = look like in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用 on,否则用 in) in red(穿着红色的衣服) in the desk(在空间范围之内) in English(用英语) help sb. do sth. 8)both 不 all 的区别:

both 表示“两者都......”;all 表示“三者及以上都......”。

2、Unit 3——Unit 4 1)speak 的用法 speak 不 say 丌同:speak 表示“说”的动作,丌表示“说”的内容;say 则表示“说”的内容。

speak 后面除了能接“语言”外,丌能直接接东西,后面加了 to 则表示“对......说”。

help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......) want to do sth.(想要做某事) would like to do sth. not...at all(一点都丌);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)

like...a lot = like...very much 2)some 和 any 的区别:

口诀:some 用亍肯定句,否定、疑问变 any。例如:

I have some money. I don"t have any money. Do you have any money? 3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐) 4)祈使句(表示命令戒请求的句子) 祈使句一般都省略了主语 You,所以其否定句直接用 Don"t 开头。例如:

Don"t go there! 5)问职业:

What does sb. do? What is sb.? What"s sb."s job? 6)work 不 job 的区别:

work 是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如 homework, housework;而 job 则一定是有报酬的“工作”。

7)on 指在物体的表面,丌论这个面是否水平的,例如:

on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground 8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里) look after(照料/照顾/照看) help oneself(请自便/随便吃) 9)表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?” What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语) How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语) Why don"t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 10)“吃”一日三餐要用 have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one"s order be kind to sb.

11)try on 这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间戒后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。

12)在口语中往往用 take 表示“买”。

13)how many 不 how much 的区别:

how many + 可数名词;how much + 丌可数名词 14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法; How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。

think about(考虑) Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢) Thanks. = Thank you.(thank 作为动词,丌能单独使用。) 第 2 页 /(共 3 页) 15)one 不 it 的区别:

当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用 one 来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:

Ann :I have a yellow bag. Jane :I have a green one. Tom :

Hey, Mike. Where is your bike? Mike :

Look, it"s over there. 16)倒装句 Here you are. Here it is.

17)be free (有空/免费) forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事) forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事) What"s up? = What"s wrong with...? = What"s the matter with...? 18)go + v.-ing 结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:

go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping 等 19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“丌得丌去做某事”) must 则表示主观愿望 20)fly a kite = fly kites

be free = have time 21)时间的表述 当分针所指的时间大亍 0 分、小亍等亍 30 分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如:

8:23——twenty-three past eight 当分针所指的时间大亍 30 分钟、小亍 60 分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:

8:49——eleven to nine 当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:

8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine 整点则在数词后加“-o"clock”,例如:8:00——eight o"clock 在钟点前介词要用 at. 22)句型“该干某事了。”:It"s time to do sth. = It"s time for sth. 例如:该吃午饭了. It"s time to have lunch. = It"s time for lunch. 看过人教版初一英语上册知识点整理的还看了:

1.英语初一上册知识点归纳 2.人教版英语七年级上册知识点复习 3.初一英语上册知识点汇编 4.初一上英语知识点总结 第 3 页 /(共 3 页) 15)one 不 it 的区别:

当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用 one 来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:

Ann :I have a yellow bag. Jane :I have a green one. Tom :

Hey, Mike. Where is your bike? Mike :

Look, it"s over there. 16)倒装句 Here you are.

Here it is.

17)be free (有空/免费) forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事) forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事) What"s up? = What"s wrong with...? = What"s the matter with...? 18)go + v.-ing 结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:

go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping 等 19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“丌得丌去做某事”) must 则表示主观愿望 20)fly a kite = fly kites be free = have time 21)时间的表述 当分针所指的时间大亍 0 分、小亍等亍 30 分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如:

8:23——twenty-three past eight 当分针所指的时间大亍 30 分钟、小亍 60 分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:

8:49——eleven to nine 当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:

8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine 整点则在数词后加“-o"clock”,例如:8:00——eight o"clock 在钟点前介词要用 at. 22)句型“该干某事了。”:It"s time to do sth. = It"s time for sth. 例如:该吃午饭了. It"s time to have lunch. = It"s time for lunch.

元音音标:

1)单元音:

[i:]、[i]、[ɔ:]、[ɔ]、[u:]、[u]、[ə:]、[ə]、[ɑ:]、[ʌ]、[e]、[æ ] 2)双元音:

[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[iə]、[ɛə]、[uə]、[au] 、[əu]

辅音音标:

[p]、[b] 、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]、[f]、[v]、[s]、[z]、[θ]、[ð]、[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ] [tr]、[dr]、[ts]、[dz]、[m]、[n]、[ŋ]、[h]、[l]、[r]、[j]、[w]

英语音标忚速记忆法

英语音标忚速记忆法(只需记长音就可以):

一、单元音:

[i:]、[i]、[ɔ:]、[ɔ]、[u:]、[u]、[ə:]、[ə]、[ɑ:]、[ʌ]、[e]、[æ ] [i:]――谐音为:易(yi);像数字 1,记忆真容易。

[ɔ:]――谐音为:噢(0);噢,这个音标就像个 o。

[u:]――谐音为:雾(wu);杯子上有很多雾。

[ə:]――谐音为:饿(e);一只鹅饿得晕倒了。

[ɑ:]――谐音为:啊(a);音标的读音跟拼音一样。

[e]――谐音为:夜(ye);这只鹅喜欢走夜路。

二、双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、...

2023年初一英语知识点整理3

() UNIT1—4

1. 在左上角

at the top-left corner 2. 在右上角

at the top-right corner 3. 下棋

play chess 4. 笔友

penfriend 5. 和某人住在一起

live with someboby 6. 担任……工作

work as 7. 在学校

at school 8. 在中间

in the middle 9. 最美好的祝愿

best wishes 10. 戴着眼镜的那个女孩子

the girl in glasses 11. 在右边

on the right 12. 在左边

on

the left 13. 在学校的足球队里

on the school football team 14. 一年级, 二班

Class Two,Grade One 15. 女子篮球队

girls’

basketball team 16. 男 子接力比赛

boys’

relay race 17. 在世界上

in the world 18. 全世界

all over the world 19. 在……旁边

next to / beside 20. 对……友好

be friendly to 21. 热衷于……

be keen on 22. 擅长于……

be good at 23. 语文

Chinese 24. 数学

maths 25. 地理

geography 26. 生物

biology 27. 历史

history 28. 化学

chemistry

229. 体育

P.E. 30. 音乐

music 31. 政治

politics 32. 物理

physics 33. 少先队员

Young Pioneer 34. 小学

pramay schol 35. 初中

middle school/junior high school 36. 高中

senior middle school 37. 大学

university/ college 38. 做运动

do exercise 39. 做眼保健操

do eye exercises 40. 做早操

do morning exercises 41. 照相

take pictures/photos 42. 喜欢做某事

like/enjoy doing sth. 43. 想要做……

want to do sth./ would like to do sth./ 44. 注意……

pay attention to 45. 写下,记录下

write down 46. 从左边/右边

from the left/right 47. 收到某人的来信 hear from sb.; get/receive a lettere from sb. 48. 锻炼身体

do sports 49. 持续一段时间

last for 50. 一两个小时

one hour or two/ one or tow hours 51. 在街道上

in the street 52. 在……的开始

at the beginning of 53. 在……的结尾

at the end of 54. 保安

guard 55. 建筑工人

construction worker 56. 牙科医生

dentist 57. 会计师

accountant 58. 去游泳

go swimming 59. 去海边

go to the sea 60. 去滑雪

go skiing 61. 去滑冰

go skating 62. 去购物

go shopping 63. 去观光

go sightseeing

364. 去远足

go hiking 65. 去跑步

go running 66. 去慢跑

go jogging 67. 去跳舞

do dancing 68. 去航行

go sailing 69. 去约会 70. 到达(4 种表达方法)arrive in/at; reach;get to 71. 花费时间(金钱)的表达方法:

sb.spend…on sth./

sb.spend...(in) doing sth./ sb. pay…for stth./ sth. cost sb. some money/

it takes sb….to do sth. 72. 主管

be in charge of 73. 照顾

look after/take care of 74. 独生子女

the only child 75. 开会

have a meeting 76. 迟到

be late for 77. 除……之外

except/ except for 78. 从周一到周五 from Monday to Friday/ on weekdays 79. 刷牙

brush the teeth 80. 洗脸

wash face 81. 追赶(某人)

go after sb./ run after sb. 82. 及时

in time 83. 按时

on time 84. 盯着、 凝视

stare at 85. 跑开

run away 86. 下车

get off (the bus)… 87. 上车

get on (the bus 88. 捡起

pick up 89. 思考

think about 90. 匆忙

in a hurry 91. 从……冲出来

strom out of/ rush out of 92. 熬夜

stay up late 93. 生某人的气

be angry with sb

494. 在……的一边

on the side of 95. 在……的另 一边

on the other side of 96. 等候

wait for 97. 拿出

hold out/ take out 98. 跌倒

fall over 99. 戴着手铐

in handcuffs 100. 四处走走

go/walk around 101. 找出,查明

find out 102. 说谎

tell a lie 103. 立刻

in a flash/ at once/ right away/immediately 104. 将来

in the future 105. 在意、 关心

care about 106. 查询( 生词)

look up 107. 四处看

look around 108. 有一个选择

have a choice 109. 正在那个时候

at that moment 110. 毫无疑问地

without question 111. 走到跟前、 走近

come over 112. 改变注意

change one’ s mind 113. 尽可能快

as soon as possible 114. 有时间玩乐

have time for fun 115. 在……顶部

on the top of… 116. 或……或……

either……or…… 117. 既不……也不……

neither……nor…… 118. 不仅仅……而且……

not oly… but also… 119. 将……与……比较(将……比作) compare with/ compare to

Unit 5---Unit6

Unit 5 1. 灭绝; 消失

die out 2. 因……而死

die of 3. 得知, 获悉

learn about 4. 和……一样

the same as 5. 因…而著名

be famous for

56. 同时

at the same time 7. 以……为基础

be based on 8. 充满……

be full of 9. 根据

according to 10. 依( 某人)

之见

in one’ s opinion 11. 因为; 由于

because of 12. 超过

more than/ over 13. 同类的

of this kind 14. 做(某事)有一些困难 have difficulty with sth./ have difficult in doing sth./ find it difficult to do something. 15. 全世界范围内

all over the world 16. 其余的; 剩下的

the rest of…… 17. 既不…也不…

neither ……nor…… 18. 对……有用处

be useful for 19. 一等奖

the first prize 20. 害怕……

be afraid of…… 21. 至多有

up to 22. 生育

give birth to…… 23. 也; 还

as well as 24. ……方面的专家

expert on…… 25. 完全地, 彻底地

competely Unit6 一、 词组 1. 能够

be able to / can 2. 成为现实; 实现

come true 3. 从现在起

from now on 4. 到达

arrive at/in; get to………; reach…… 5. 生病

get sick 6.一会儿

in a moment/minute 7. 和平地

in peace 8. 破碎地

in pieces 9. 在太空

in space 10. 将来

in the future 11. 降落于

……land on 12. 看起来像

look like 13. 部分

part of

614. 而不是

not …but… 15. 耗尽;用完

run out of

Unit 7--8

1. 从现在起

from now on 2. 躺下

lie down 3. 入睡

fall asleep 4. 从( 某地)

逃走

escape from 5. 太……以致于……

too…to…; so…that… 6. 过了 一会儿

moments later 7. 逃离

be out of…… 8. 对准; 瞄准

aim at… 9. 熄灭

go uout 10. 广播、 公布

put out 11. 听起来象

sound like 12. 从……出来

come out of 13. 告诉……实情

tell the truth 14. 生气

be angry withsb./ get angry 15. 事实上

in fact 16. 开……的玩笑

paly jokes on 17. 给……提供某物

provide……with… 18. 过着幸福的生活

live a happy life 19. 过着艰苦的生活

live a hard life 20. 过去常常做(某事)

used to do sth. 21. 过去常常不做(某事)

didn’ t use to do sth. 22. 数以亿计

billiions of 23. 除……之外,还……按时

as well as 24. 全世界

all over the world 25. 给某人拍照

take photo for … 26. 例如

for example 27. 在过去

in the past 28. 广交朋友

make a lot of 29. 在周末

at the weekend 30. 赶快

hurry up 31. 立刻

in a second/at once/right away/immediately

732. 考虑

think of 33. 中国出口 品交易

Chinese Export Commodities Fair

2023年初一英语知识点整理4

年级(上)

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语

1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping

II. 重要句型

1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about…? 3. Let’s do sth. 4. It’s time to do sth. 5. It’s time for … 6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7. Where is…? It’s…. 8. How old are you? I’m…. 9. What class are you in?

I’m in…. 10. Welcome to…. 11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think… 13. Who’s this? This is…. 14. What can you see?

I can see…. 15. There is (are) …. 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)… 17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s….

III. 交际用语

1. Good morning, Miss/Mr…. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You’re welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What’s your name? My name is …. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who’s on duty today? 11. Let’s do. 12. Let me see.

IV. 重要语法 1. 动词 be 的用法;

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;

3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;

4. 冠词的基本用法;

5. There be 句型的用法。

1.in/on

在表示空间位置时, in 表示在某个空间的范围以内, on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。

例如:

There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。

There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。

2. this/that/these/those (1)this 常常用来指在时间、 地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these 是 this 的复数形式。

that 常常用来指在时间、 地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事, those 时 that 的复数形式。

例如:

You look in this box and I’ ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子, 我去看那边的那个盒子。

I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车, 不是那一辆。

Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。

This is mine; that’ s yours. 这个是我的, 那个是你的。

These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果, 那些是橘子。

(2)在打电话的用语中, this 常常指的是我, that 常常指的是对方。

例如:

This is Mary speaking. Who’ s that? 我是玛丽。

你是谁?

3. There be/ have

There be "有", 其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:

There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。

There be 后面的名词实际上是主语, be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致, be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is, 名词是复数时用 are。

例如:

(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。

(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。

(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。

总之, There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。

have表示"拥有, 占有, 具有", 即:

某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词, 与主语是所属关系。

例如:

(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟, 一个姐姐。

(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。

4. look/ see/ watch

(1)look 表示“看、 瞧”, 着重指认真看, 强调看的动作, 表示有意识地注意看, 但不一定看到, 以提醒对方注意。, 如:

Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!

孩子们在玩电脑游戏。

Look! What’ s that over there? 看!

那边那个是什么?

单独使用是不及物动词, 如强调看某人/物, 其后接介词 at,才能带宾语, 如:

He’ s looking at me。

他正在看着我。

(2)see 强调“看” 的结果, 着重的是 look 这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”, see 是及物动词, 后面能直接跟宾语。

如:

What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么?

Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!

你看到了 什么?

(3)watch“观看, 注视”, 侧重于场面, 表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动, 强调过程, 常用于“看电视、 看足球、 看演出” 等。

如:

Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了 一场足球比赛。

4. put on/ / in

put on 意为“穿上, 戴上”。

主要指“穿上” 这一动作, 后面接表示服装、 鞋帽的名词。

in 是介词, 表示“穿着” 强调状态。

在句中可以做定语、 标语和状语。

如:

It’ s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷, 穿上你的外衣。

He puts on his hat and goes out.

他戴上帽子, 走了 出去。

The woman in a white blouse is John’ s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是 John 的妈妈。

5. house/ home/family house :

“房子”, 指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”, 指一个

人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family:

“家庭“, “家庭成员”。

例如:

Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。

He is not at home. 他不在家。

My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。

6. fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意, 但前三者既可作表语又可作定语, 而后者仅用作表语。

主要区别在于:

(1) fine 指物时表示的是质量上的"精细", 形容人时表示的是"身 体健康", 也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。

例如:

Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。

That"s a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器 It"s a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。

(2)nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表, 有"美好", "漂亮"的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。

例如:

Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。

These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。

Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。

It"s very nice of you. 你真好。

(3)good 形容人时指"品德好", 形容物时指"质量好", 是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。

例如:

Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。

The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。

(4)well 只可用来形容人的"身体好", 但不能作定语, 它也能用作副词作状语, 多放在所修饰的动词之后。

例如:

I"m very well, thanks. 我身体很好, 谢谢。

My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在:

1. 动词 be 的用法;

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;

3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;

4. 冠词的基本用法;

5. There be 句型的用法。

6. 本单元学过的词汇、 短语和句型;

7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、 完型填空、 短文填空、 完成句子。

【中考范例】

1. (2004 年北京市中考试题)

Mary, please show ________ your picture.

A. my

B. mine

C. I

D. me

【解析】

答案:

D。

该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。

本题中动词 show 后面跟双宾语, 空白处应填入人称代词的宾格 me 作宾语。

2. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.

A. A

B.An

C. /

D. The

【解析】

答案:

D。

该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。

因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子, 所以用定冠词 the。

3. (2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)

---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?

---About twenty.

A. is

B. am

C. are

D. be

【解析】

答案:

A。

该题考查的是动词 be 的用法和主谓一致。the number 作主语, 应该是单数第三人称, 动词 be 变为 is。

4. (2004 年陕西省中考试题)

There _______ a football match on TV this evening.

A. will have

B. is going to be

C. has

D. is going to have

【解析】答案:

B。

该题考查的是 There be…句型和动词 have用法区别。

There be 句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”, 不能和动词 have 混在一起用。

初一年级(下)

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语

1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast

19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory

II. 重要句型

1. Let sb. do sth.

2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell …? 7. May I borrow…?

III. 交际用语

1. —Thanks very much! —You"re welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. What"s wrong? 4. I think so.

I don"t think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What"s your favourite sport? 10. Don"t worry. 11.I’m (not) good at basketball. 12. Do you want a go? 13. That"s right./ That‘s all right./ All right. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 15. We / They have some CDs. We / They don’t have any CDs. 16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow? ---It’s Monday. 17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?

---Certainly. Here you are. 18. ---Where are you from?

---From Beijing. 19. What"s your telephone number in New York? 20. ---Do you like hot dogs? ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) ---No, I don"t. ( I don"t like them at all.) 21. ---What does your mother like? ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. ---When do you go to school every day? ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening? ---He goes to bed at 10:00.

IV. 重要语法

1.人称代词的用法;

2. 祈使句;

3. 现在进行时的构成和用法;

4. 动词 have 的用法;

5. 一般现在时构成和用法;

6. 可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法

【名师讲解】

1. That"s right./ That‘s all right./ All right. That’ s right 意为“对的”, 表示赞同对方的意见、 看法或行为, 肯定对方的答案或判断。

例如:

"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。

" "That"s right."或 "You"re right.""说得对"。

That’ s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”, 用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。

例如:

"Many thanks." "That"s all right."

"Sorry. It"s broken." "That"s all right." All right.意为“行了 ”、“可以”, 表示同意对方的建议或要求。

有时还可以表示“身体很好”

"Please tell me about it." " 请把此事告诉我。

"

"All right.""好吧。

" Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗 2. make/do 这两个词都可以解释为“做”, 但含义却不同, 不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西, do 指做一件具体的事。

Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗?

He’ s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

3. say/speak/talk/tell

say:

是最口语化的最普通的一个词, 意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。

如:

“I want to go there by bus”

, he said . 他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。” Please say it in English .请用英语说。

speak : “说话”, 着重开口发声, 不着重所说的内容, 一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。

如:

Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况? I don’ t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。

speak 作及物动词解时, 只能和某种语言等连用, 表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

如:

She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

talk : 与 speak 意义相近, 也着重说话的动作, 而不着重所说的话, 因此, 一般也只用作不及物动词,

不过, talk 暗示话是对某人说的, 有较强的对话意味, 着重指连续地和别人谈话。

如:

I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。

Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell : “告诉” ,除较少情...

2023年初一英语知识点整理5

英语知识点总结 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语 every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理客观存在科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意此用法如果出现在宾语从句中即使主句是过去时从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don’t want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作表示言行的瞬间动作。再如Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志表示正在进行的动作的客观状况所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。

Where did you go just now?

2表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3句型

It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’

I’d rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较

一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含义她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含义现在还住在肯塔基州有可能指刚离去)

注意 用过去时表示现在表示委婉语气。

1动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2情态动词 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

3. used to / be used to

used to + do"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.

Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)

be used to + doing 对……已感到习惯或"习惯于"to 是介词后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It’s 69568442.

A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t

答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语但从语意上看 出在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去因此应用过去时。

4. 一般将来时

1) shall 用于第一人称常被 will 所代替。

will 在陈述句中用于各人称在争求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2) be going to +不定式表示将来。

a. 主语的意图即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

5. be going to / will

用于条件句时 be going to 表将来

will 表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

6. be to 和 be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

7. 一般现在时表将来

1下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2倒装句表示动作正在进行如

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11. 用于现在完成时的句型

1It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2This is the… that…结构that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时故选 B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案 D. ever 意为曾经或无论何时反意词为 never此两词常用于完成时。

This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中从句要用完成时。

注意非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

错I have received his letter for a month.

对I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.

12. 比较 since 和 for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门 当现在完成时+一段时间这一结构中我们用下面的公式转化很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然 第二句不对 它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

13. since 的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since 从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

被动语态的几种类型

1主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态如

He saw her in the shop yesterday.

She was seen in the shop yesterday.

2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态

Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.

I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.

A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.

3主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式变为被动语态时该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为

感官动词feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

若宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式那么被动语态仍保留 to:

Mother told me not to be late

I was told not to be late by mother.

5情态动词+ be +过去分词构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

6表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel ,n report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that… 据说

It is reported that… 据报道

It is believed that… 大家相信

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known that… 众所周知

It is thought that… 大家认为

It is suggested that… 据建议

It is taken granted that… 被视为当然

It has been decided that… 大家决定

It must be remember that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

14. 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。

(表结果)

I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于 till / until 从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句表示"到……才……"

He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.

他到 10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o’clock.

他一直睡到 10 点。

典型例题

1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案 B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响我知道她的模样你不用描述。再次several times告知为反复发生的动作因此用现在完成时。

2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开始持续到现在应用现

. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2动词+不定式  动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want,...

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