gre考试写作时间如何规划
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gre考试写作时间如何规划?
gre写作时间都是30分钟。对于考生来说，如果没有经过充分的写作练习和准备，半小时的时间无疑是相当紧张的。所以，下面我们就来说一下gre考试时间安排：
第一步：审题、确定立场、列出理由
最少3分钟最多5分钟。
要避免两个极端：
a.用时太少，理由没有想清楚就开始写，不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁地修正，欲速则不达;
b.用时太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。
第二步：gre考试写作正文最少22分钟最多26分钟
a.各段写作时，注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视，注意炼句，别说你不想写主题句，主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式。
有n种选择可供参考：1.举具体事例;2.说对方相对缺点;3.使用数据;4.使用假想例子;5.使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。哪一种你最容易想出来，就用哪一种。
b.考前将文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型背熟练，并且练习和水平测试时把他们用熟。别试图在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好，怎样结尾好。使用自己选中的套路。
c.当写作考试还有5分钟结束时，一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由，或者已经在做结尾。要确保文章有结尾段。
第三步：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查
a.句法：确保每句话是完整的，有谓语，且简单句只有一个谓语。
b.时态：文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时;一般现在时第三人称要使用单数;使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时;c.主谓一致按此三步，持续练习5篇以上，可以确保时间问题。
C. 拼写：保证没有太多拼写上的错误，特别是开头结尾和每段主题句这种批阅考官必然会看的部分。绝不能出现拼写方面的低级错误。
GRE写作论证论据素材大全—社会福利
社会福利
A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for disadvantaged people such as the poor, the elderly, the disabled, students, unpaid workers such as mothers and other caregivers, and underprivileged groups. Social welfare programs are undertaken by governments as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Social welfare payments and services are typically provided free of charge or at a nominal fee, and are funded by the state, benefactors or by compulsory enrollment of the poor themselves.
福利社会
States or nations that provide comprehensive social welfare programs are often identified as having a welfare state. In such countries, access to social welfare services is often considered a basic and inalienable right to those in need. In many cases these are considered natural rights, and indeed that position is borne out by the UN Convention on Social and Economic Rights and other treaty documents. Accordingly, many people refer to welfare within a context of social justice, making an analogy to rights of fair treatment or restraint in criminal justice.
七大社会福利类型
Examples of social welfare services include the following:
1. Compulsory superannuation savings programs.
2. Compulsory social insurance programs, often based on income, to pay for the social welfare service being provided: these are often incorporated into the taxation system and may be inseparable from income tax.
3. Pensions or other financial aid, including social security and tax relief, to those with low incomes or inability to meet basic living costs, especially those who are raising children, elderly, unemployed, injured, sick or disabled.
4. Free or low cost nursing, medical and hospital care for those who are sick, injured or unable to care for themselves. This may also include free antenatal and postnatal care. Services may be provided in the community or a medical facility.
5. Free or low cost public education for all children, and financial aid, sometimes as a scholarship or pension, sometimes in the form of a suspensory loan, to students attending academic institutions or undertaking vocational training.
6. The state may also fund or operate social work and community based organizations that provide services that benefit disadvantaged people in the community.
7. Welfare money paid to persons, from a government, who are in need of financial assistance but who are unable to work for pay.
GRE写作论证论据素材大全—社会契约
社会契约与契约理论
According to the will theory of contract, which was dominant in the 19th century and still exerts a strong influence, a contract is not presumed valid unless all parties agree to it voluntarily, either tacitly or explicitly, without coercion. A supposed social contract cannot be used to justify governmental actions such as taxation, because government will initiate force against anyone who does not wish to enter into such a contract. As a result, such an agreement is not voluntary and therefore cannot be considered a legitimate contract at all.
However, the philosophical concept of social contract does not address the same issues as present-day juridical contract theory, making the name “social contract” potentially misleading. For this reason some thinkers preferred the term “social compact”. The key notion of social contract or compact is that the individual consents by entering or remaining on the dominion of an existing society, which is usually a geographic territory, in much the same way one does when entering or remaining in someone’s household or private property. People are normally brought up from childhood to respect the boundaries of societies, including families, and the rules made by them for their territorial spaces. That is part of the socialization development process.
对社会契约的违反
The social contract and the civil rights it gives us are neither “natural” nor permanently fixed. Rather, the contract itself is a means towards an end—the benefit of all—and is only legitimate to the extent that it meets the general interest. Therefore, when failings are found in the contract, we renegotiate to change the terms, using methods such as elections and legislature.
GRE写作论证论据素材大全—社会公正
社会公正的概念
Social justice refers to the concept of a society in which justice is achieved in every aspect of society, rather than merely the administration of law. It generally refers to a society which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and a just share of the benefits of it. It can also refer to the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within a society.
社会公正的内涵
Social justice is both a philosophical problem and an important issue in politics, religion and civil society. Most individuals wish to live in a just society, but different political ideologies have different conceptions of what a “just society” actually is. The term “social justice” is often employed by the political left to describe a society with a greater degree of economic egalitarianism, which may be achieved through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or property redistribution. The right wing also uses the term social justice, but generally believes that a just society is best achieved through the operation of a free market, which they believe provides equality of opportunity and promotes philanthropy and charity. Both right and left tend to agree on the importance of rule of law, human rights, and some form of a welfare safety net.
对社会公正的反对
Social justice may be unfeasible economically. Many water-poor countries have recognized a “basic right to have drinking water” and then provided that access accordingly. This often resulted in water sources being over-used and then decimated.
On the other hand, some scholars reject the very idea of social justice as meaningless, religious, self-contradictory, and ideological, believing that to realize any degree of social justice is unfeasible, and that the attempt to do so must destroy all liberty. The most complete rejection of the concept of social justice comes from the Friedrich Hayek of the Austrian School of Economics: “The phrase ‘social justice’ is simply a semantic fraud from the same stable as People’s Democracy.” The purported goal of social justice is to eliminate economic inequities, but because these inequities are largely a result of individuals’ own choices, they can only be corrected by controlling said choices.
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