托福阅读没思路总出错3个基本解题原则你要知道
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托福阅读没思路总出错?这3个基本解题原则你要知道
托福阅读解题基本原则：上下文原则
所谓的上下文原则指的是，在做题的过程中，根据题干的关键词定位，定位到原文的某个句子之后，还需要根据句子的上下文进行理解，有些题目只根据一句话是无法找出正确答案的，这一点需要考试特别注意。例如：TPO7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece , intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?从题干的According to paragraph 4和Horace可以把答案定位到第4段最后一句，这句话一开始就有个such，所以应该联系上文，因为上文才是Horace的观点，前面不停说希腊是原创者，罗马只是跟着学，所以罗马没什么有价值的东西。因此考生要特别注意这一点。
托福阅读解题基本原则：选项和原文一致原则
所谓的选项和原文一致原则就是正确选项一定是原文内容的同义改写，大家不要主观臆造，才能保证正确率。还有一种常见的现象是学生做完题之后，再次进行检查的时候会改答案，建议考生一定要相信自己的第一感觉，不是百分百确定，一般不要改答案。还有一点需要大家注意那就是根据原文选择选项时，不要过多推断，因为美国人都是线性思维，相信自己的第一感觉。总的来说，托福阅读要理解选项和原文之间的关系，提高阅读的正确率。
托福阅读解题基本原则：开头结尾原则
在托福阅读中，所谓的开头结尾原则跟听力中的开头结尾原则是有些不一样的。在听力中的开头原则指的是整篇文章的开头和结尾，但是在托福阅读中正篇文章的开头结尾固然重要，但是每个段落的开头结尾也是很重要的。每个段落的第一句话是段落主题，段落的最后一句话段落总结，都是我们抓住关键信息的重要位置。
托福阅读素材：4G是否在逐渐变慢
The new 4G mobile phone services in the UK are not as super-fast as the industry promised - and could get worse.
在英国，新的4G移动服务达不到运营商所承诺的超高速度，而且速度可能还会变慢。
The mobile phone companies boasted that 4G services would be ‘five times faster’ than the existing 3G networks when they launched in the autumn of 2012.
当移动运营商在2012年秋季开通4G服务时，它们宣称4G服务的速度将比现有3G网络快5倍。
However, a new official study puts the real figure at an average of 2.5 times faster - 14.7 megabits per second compared to 5.9Mbit/s per second on the 3G service that most people use.
然而，一份新的官方研究表明，真实的数字是4G速度仅比3G平均快2.5倍——也就是4G速度是14.79Mbit/s，大多数人使用的3G网络的速度是5.9Mbit/s。
At the same time, the evidence suggests that 4G services are likely to slow down as more people connect to them.
同时，有证据表明，当更多的人接入网络时，4G服务有可能变得更慢。
4G technology is being promoted by the big mobile networks on the basis it offers high speed internet access and smooth video streaming without annoying buffering.
基于能够提供高速的网络接入和流畅的视频流媒体服务并避免烦人的缓冲等优势，4G技术得以在大型移动网络中得到应用。
More than 10 million people have been won over by the promises and have signed two year contracts costing an average of £20 ($30) a month.
超过一千万人被这一承诺所打动，他们签定了平均每月消费20英镑的合约。
When 4G services launched at the end of 2012, the average download speed was up at around 19 Mbit/s, however the new research suggests an average of 14.7 and other studies put it as low as 10.
当4G服务在2012年年底刚开通时，平均下载速度可达19Mbit/s。新的研究表明现在这一数字仅为14.7Mbit/s，甚至有研究认为只有10Mbit/s。
This has happened because more people are using the service, effectively causing jams on the airwaves. The only way this can be countered is if the networks spend millions upgrading masts and installing new ones.
这是因为越来越多的人开始使用4G，导致了无线网络的拥堵。而唯一的解决办法是由运营商投入大量资金对基站进行升级并且增加基站数量。
Vocabulary：
buffering 缓冲
托福阅读：“纯素食主义”的风险
近几年，素食主义悄然流行，越来越多的人加入了素食者的行列。不过，近日发布在自然母亲网络的一篇文章指出，纯素食也有潜在的健康风险，比如，纯素食者患肠癌的几率更高、骨矿物密度偏低，以及更容易缺乏维生素B12等等。营养专家表示，加入纯素食者行列意味着你要花更多的时间来规划饮食结构以保证各类营养摄入均衡。如果没有精力和时间详细规划，营养专家建议不妨做一个“弹性素食者”，即大部分时间吃素，偶尔吃点肉补充动物蛋白。
Thinking of giving up meat from your diet? The potential health benefits of a green diet are well established, but a story by the Mother Nature Network (MNN) says there are also some potential side effects and health risks associated with a vegetarian lifestyle.
Could low cholesterol kill you? A study by the Honolulu Heart Program found that elderly people with a "low cholesterol concentration" had a "significant association with mortality." In addition, a 2009 review published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that while vegetarians have an overall lower rate of cancer compared with meat eaters, vegetarians do have a 39 percent higher rate of colorectal cancer.
Other health concerns associated with vegetarianism cited by MNN included lower bone mineral density and lower levels of vitamin B12. However, the publishers of the bone density study said the "magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant," at just around 5 percent.
Going vegetarian appears to have gained popularity in recent years. A recent Yahoo Sports article even examined the diet of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighter Jake Shields. Though much of the media's focus has been on a worldwide trend toward bigger diets, whether that's Pizza Hut offering strange fast food mashups or yet another customer at the Heart Attack Grill proving that there is truth in advertising.
The lesson in these potential risk-factors seems to be that if you're going to become a vegan or vegetarian, you'll need to spend more time planning your nutritional choices to help ensure a balanced intake of vitamins and other nutrients. Though if you don't have the time or inclination for such efforts, there may be another option. University of Idaho nutritionist Katie Minor says that a "flexitarian" diet may be a viable third way.
"Flexitarians are people who are vegetarian most of the time, but once in a while will consume an animal protein," Minor told MNN. "The more restrictive you are with your diet, the more you'll have to closely monitor what you're consuming and the more likely your need will be to supplement. Work with a registered dietician to make sure you're not at risk for dietary deficiencies."
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