GRE填空题目太短如何寻找解题线索

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GRE填空题目太短如何寻找解题线索?实例讲解灵活应对技巧

GRE填空题目太短如何寻找解题线索?

对于没有给出提示的GRE短填空题,在题目本身看似缺乏线索的情况下,考生要善于利用英语的语法所提供的蛛丝马迹,达到最终攻克该题的目的。当然,在实在无计可施时,只能以语义的通顺与否作为取舍的标准。

GRE填空短题解题思路真题讲解

例1:

The trial was conducted in ____ manner, full of ____ .

(A) an incredible ... proper procedure

(B) a negligent ... sworn testimony

(C) a judicial ... spectacular denouements

(D) a theatrical ... extravagant histrionics

(E) an outrageous ... erudite citations

解题思路

从语法结构来看,本题由一完整句加一形容词短语构成,该形容词短语作补充说明,表示一伴随的状况。尽管不知道代入两处空格的词汇的确切含义是什么,但按短语结构的解法(参见方法之十),可判断出二者应是同义词,唯有(D)项中theatrical和histrionics可形成同义词。

涉及词汇

negligent: 疏忽的, 粗心大意的

sworn: 宣过誓的,公开宣称的

judicial: 司法的,公正明断的

denouement: 结局,收场

erudite: 博学的

题目翻译

审判以一种演戏般的方式进行,充满了极度的矫揉造作。

例2:

There was a ____ all about the estate, and the ____ concerned the guards.

(A) pall ... shroud

(B) focus ... scrutiny

(C) hush ... quiet

(D) coolness ... temper

(E) talent ... genius

解题思路

本题两处空格均为名词,以and连接两个并列的句子,故二者应是同义词。这相同的两个概念第一次以不定冠词"a"修饰,以示泛指,第二次以定冠词"the"修饰,以示特指。在五个选项中,(C)项的两个字汇和(E)项的两个字汇为同义词,但(E)不合题意。

涉及词汇

pall: 棺枢

shroud: 裹尸布

scrutiny: 仔细审视(检查),细阅

题目翻译

庄园四周一片寂静,这种静悄悄的景象引起了守卫的关注。

GRE填空情感解题方法

任何一种语言,其大部分词汇,尤其是用以描述的词汇,无不带有特定的褒义或贬义这两种感情色彩。凡带有建设性的,有积极意义的和表达某种正面的肯定的语气或态度的,都可归纳到褒义词的范畴,反之,即归纳到贬义词的范畴。一旦你依据上下文的语境判断出某空格所需代入的词汇应是褒义色彩的词汇时,凡带贬义色彩的选项便即予排除,反之亦然。

另外,还有一部分词汇既不带有明显的褒义色彩,亦不带有明显的贬色彩,此类词汇可称为中性词。无论对于贬义的还是对于褒义的空格来说,凡中性词的选项均应予排除。感情色彩排除法可以说是继上述两种解法之外使用得最为频繁有效的解题方法了。

例 Ⅰ:

While ---------- in his own approach to philosophy, the scholar was, illogically, ---------- his colleagues who averred that a seeker of knowledge must be free to select such doctrines as pleased him in every school.

(A) indiscriminate...supportive of

(B) eclectic...intolerant of

(C) speculative...cordial to

(D) problematic ... dismissive of

(E) theoretic ... impatient with

〖解答〗

先处理空格Ⅱ:既然该空格以带有否定色彩的副词illogically作修饰,即可较为保险地判定所代入的词汇亦相应为贬义词,这样(A) supportive of和(C) cordial to先予排除。句首的While一词(在填空题中它永远是Although的意思,参见上面“特殊解法”中例Ⅳ一题)规定了本题主从句为让步性对立关系,既然主句中的空格Ⅱ为贬义,故(D) problematic亦可排除。

至此为止,在空格Ⅱ处,(B) intolerant of和(E) impatient with均可,关键在空格Ⅰ。代入该空格的词汇应能说明某学者的哲学 研究方法(approach to philosophy),这可从其同事们的所作所为中推知。既然其同事们声称哲学家应能够“free to select such doctrines as pleased him in every school”,这表明此乃“博采群长”的折衷主义方法,故最终(B) eclectic为正确。

事实上,用(E) theoretic去描述哲学研究的方法是毫无意义的,因为任何哲学研究均是思辩的、抽象的和理论的,这是自明之理,勿庸赘述。况且,theoretic一词内涵过于笼统,根本不能算作一种方法(approach)。

〖词汇〗

ever: 断言,声称,自信地说

indiscriminate: 不加区别的,混杂的,不分清红皂白的

speculative: 1. 思索的 2(哲学)思辩的,纯理论的

cordial: 热诚的,由衷的

dismissive: 拒绝考虑的,轻蔑的,鄙视的

〖中译〗

虽然某学者在自已进行的哲学研究中采用了折衷主义的方法,但当其同事们声称,任何一个知识追寻者都有充分的自由去从每一学派中择取于他所喜欢的学说时,他都不合逻辑地不予宽容。

例 Ⅱ:

No hero of ancient or modern times can surpass the Indian with his lofty contempt for death and the ---------- with which he sustained its cruelest afflictions.

(A) regard

(B) fortitude

(C) guile

(D) loss

(E) reverence

〖解答〗

本题上下文语境中有两处线索可用以判定该题空格应带褒义色彩。

其一,既然与印第安人相比,无论是古代还是当代的英雄皆无从企及,则可推知印第安人是最具英雄气概的人物,而与英雄人物相涉的必是正面形象无疑;其二,在以and连接的两个并列的名词短语中,第一介词短语“Lofty contempt for death”(面对死亡以一种高贵的气质予以蔑视)显然亦体现着正面层次。

这样,贬义的(C) guile和(D) loss即予排除。此外,由于(A)regard 和 (E) 和reverence同为“尊敬”之意,按连锁排除法也予排除,唯余(B) fortitude为正确。

〖词汇〗

affliction: 苦恼,折磨

fortitude: 坚韧,刚毅

guile: 狡诈,欺骗

sustain: 支撑,承受

〖中译〗

面对死亡,印第安人待之以一种高贵的蔑视,且以坚韧的毅力承受它至为残酷的折磨,从这一层意义上来说,无论是古代还是当今的英雄,均无有出其右者。

GRE填空同义词线索整理

举例说明:找出两对同义词。

37.5. Although some consider forcefulness and persistence to be two traits desirable to the same degree, I think that making a violent effort is much less useful than maintaining a steady one.

58.3. Joe spoke of superfluous and vital matters with exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for him serious mattered neither more nor less than did trivialities.

9.2. A perennial goal in zoology is to infer function from structure, relating the behavior of am organism to its physical form and cellular organization.

11.7. When theories formerly considered to be disinterested in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human construction.

值得说明的是,寻找同义重复的意识和能力不仅对于GRE填空重要,对于GRE阅读理解同样重要。

阅读段落,找同义词反义词。(摘自黄皮书阅读理解教程(中国环境科学出版社)E36,P160)

The most vivid expression of such errors occurs in genetically identical( isogenic ) organisms. Even when reared under the same conditions, isogenic organisms are rarely exact copies of one another, and their differences have revealed much about the random variations that result from an organism’s limited supply of genetic information. In isogenic Daphniae, for example, even though the position, size, and branching pattern of each optic neuron are remarkably constant, there is some variability in connectivity, and the number of synapses varies greatly. This variability is probably the result of random scatter beyond the resolution of genetic control and is best termed “imprecision”, since its converse, the degree of clustering about a mean, is conventionally, called “precision”.

在该段中, “同样”的意思用了很多种表达方法:identical; same; exact copies; constant; precision

“不同”的意思也用了很多种表达方法:errors; difference; random variations; variability; varies; random scatter; imprecison

GRE填空的突破点

GRE填空词汇

类比和反义词考察的取消,减少了词汇的专业性,使得考生不再需要记忆一些非常特别和古怪的词汇,但是对其他学术常规词汇的要求更高了。从样题上看,新的GRE考试把词汇很好地整合到了填空部分和阅读部分,尤其在填空中包括了同义词的辨析、反义词的辨析、词汇搭配、词汇含义精确理解等考察方式,这要求考生在对词汇进行学习的时候不仅仅是掌握词汇的意思,对于一些词汇的用法,词汇的内涵都需要有进一步的了解。

GRE逻辑题

按照ETS对新GRE的说明和阐述,新GRE考试将更加强调对逻辑推理的考察,这一点不仅体现在原逻辑推理单题的再次出现,还体现在填空部分更强调逻辑关系推导。

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