如何高效进行GRE阅读
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如何高效进行GRE阅读
下面的回答有三个部分。第一部分解决如何高效进行阅读的问题。第二部分针对正确应该如何提高。第三部分是我自己的复习心得。
一、高效阅读方法
1.解剖文章的第1段
积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?
2.在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图
在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?再次提醒，考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
3.通览文章时，留意语气词和过渡词
在快速阅读文章时，特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于你对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。
4.停下来，总结一下文章大意
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题。
5.开始答题
根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。这里，你可以比第3个步骤更仔细。
gre阅读考试更加注重学生实际运用语言的能力和逻辑思维能力的考察，所以备考gre逻辑阅读的考生平时训练时要针对所掌握的知识点总结和积累，不要盲目追求数量。
二、如何提高做题的正确率
GRE正确率比较低的原因无非就是以下几种情况。
1.文章看不懂。
2.文章能看懂但是不会做题。
3.文章能看懂，也会做题，但是时间不够用，导致正确率比较低。
针对第一种文章都看不懂的情况来说，扩充词汇量和攻克长难句是首要的。
词汇部分推荐《要你命3000》加上平常做题过程中遇到的生词积累，来扩充词汇量。我之前都会自己准备一个厚点的单词本，遇到生词，尤其是一些动词、形容词之类的都会积累下来，每天记忆，大家也可以试试。
长难句部分推荐《杨鹏长难句》，这本书讲解比较细致，涵盖的考点内容又比较全，很适合短期内用来攻破长难句。我觉得挺好用的，推荐给大家。
针对第二种情况，文章能看懂，但是不会做题。
我的建议是先自己总结积累，然后看看自己是哪种题型很容易出错，然后针对性的看网上这种题型的介绍以及解题方法，最后针对性的做训练，效果会更好。我之前的资料来源大多是搜集的CD和考满分的，大家有需要的也可以去找找。
针对第三种情况，时间不够用的话，需要多做题，锻炼自己的熟练度。我当时就是这么做的，大约有一个多星期的时间，一直专注于gre阅读，想起那段往事就头疼。。。
三、复习心得。
1. 做题的时候仔细也阅读题干是很有必要的，因为在我自己复习的过程中，大于统计出来有30%以上的错误都是因为粗心没看清楚题目。
2. 阅读速度很关键。我有一个毛病就是刚一上来几道填空题永远是懵的，所以必须检查这几道题。为了留出检查时间，最有效的方法就是让阅读一遍过并且压缩6选2的时间。要想阅读一遍过，平时就要多练习阅读，不见得非要做题，看New Yorker之类的网站也是不错的选择。
3. 做阅读的顺序很重要。这一点因人而异，我自己在Medium section的做题顺序是先跳过长阅读做其他的，因为我觉着长阅读不读完做不了题，所以风险很大，放在最后也没什么。
4.考试之前一定要去做几次模考，来熟悉考试界面，避免考场上不熟悉界面，操作，影响自己发挥。我之前使用的是KMF的模考，他家的模考跟真实界面很相似，而且界面也很干净，推荐给大家。
GRE趣味阅读：“潇洒的”智利流浪犬
Stray dogs in Chile——Spray as you go
智利的流浪犬：想去哪就去哪
The state orders a sterilization of stray mutts
国家下令给流浪犬们杀菌
IT IS one of the first things that visitors to Santiago, the Chilean capital, ask: “Why are there so many dogs everywhere?” Patricia Cocas, founder of ProAnimal Chile, an animal-rights group, reckons that some 180,000 stray hounds wander the city of six million people; a further 80,000 are let out by their owners to roam as they please. The area around the presidential palace is a favored hangout. Most mutts are harmless enough—Chile is free of rabies, which helps explain why they are tolerated. But some attack passers-by or chase cars down Santiago's main thoroughfare, the Alameda, occasionally ripping tires with their teeth.
游客们去智利首都圣地亚哥旅行时，最初会打听的问题之一是：“为什么这儿到处都是狗呢?”智利的动物权利小组专业动物组织发起人Patricia Cocas估计大约十八万只流浪犬逡巡于六百万城市人口之间;有超过八万只流浪犬被它们的主人遗弃，任它们流浪。总统府附近地区就是他们最喜欢闲逛的位子。大部分流浪狗对人无害—智利没有狂犬病。这也就是流浪犬被容忍的原因。但是一些流浪犬攻击行人或者在圣地亚哥的主干道——林荫大道上追逐车辆，它们有时会用牙齿撕咬轮胎。
The government is now taking action. In her state-of-the-union speech last month, President Michelle Bachelet announced a national sterilization programme for stray dogs (the details are still to be fleshed out). A bill on responsible pet ownership is due to come before ConGREss this month. It envisages tougher penalties for those who abuse or abandon their pets, and the establishment of a register of dangerous dogs.
政府现在正在采取措施应对。在上个月总统米歇尔?巴切莱特的国情咨文演说中声明了一项针对流浪狗的国家除菌项目(细节还在补充当中)。这个月一份针对宠物所有权的法案将被交付国会。它预期针对那些虐待或遗弃宠物的人实施更重的惩罚，并且建立一家危险流浪狗管理处。
Ms. Bachelet is trying to make the pooches political, weaving them into a broader narrative about inequality. Chile's cities need affordable veterinary centers where pets can be vaccinated and sterilized, she said in her speech. “In our country wealthy people can do that, but people without money have no way of caring for their pets.” But she insists there will be no cull of strays. For now, the mongrels on the lawns outside the palace where she works can sleep in peace.
巴切莱特正试图将处理流浪狗问题正式化，将它们同一个更宽泛意义上的不平等陈述结合到遗弃。她在演说中说智利的各个城市需要建立可支付得起的收益中心，在那儿宠物们可以接种疫苗以及除菌。“我们国家富人们可以实施那项行动但是穷人们就无法照看他们的宠物。”但是她坚持否定屠杀流浪狗。至少现在，总统府外，她散步的草坪上的流浪狗们能安闲地睡觉。
GRE周末精选阅读：英国黑帮比以往更专业化
Organized crime——Farewell to the heist
有组织犯罪：和抢劫说再见
British gangsters are more professional and cosmopolitan than in the past
英国黑帮比以往更专业化和国际化
“YOU won't believe this, but they've just stolen a train.” That was the astonished message of the police officer who reported the “GREat Train Robbery”, a heist that took place 50 years ago, on August 8th 1963. A gang of 15 men from across London's underworld stopped a train by turning the signal red, brutally coshed the driver and made off with ￡2.6m (then $7.3m) in cash from the mail cars. They decamped to a nearby farmhouse to play Monopoly with the stolen banknotes. Despite fleeing the country, almost all the culprits were eventually captured.
报道“火车大劫案”的警官传递出令人震惊的消息：“你绝对不会相信，但他们刚刚抢劫了一辆火车!”这起劫案发生于50年前的1963年8月8日。十五名伦敦黑帮组成的犯罪团伙通过将信号灯变成红色让火车停下来，随后暴打司机并带着260万英镑(约合730万美元)逃离邮车。他们撤到一个附近的农舍用偷来的钞票玩大富翁。尽管逃离了英国，但几乎所有的罪犯最终都被捕获。
For all its daring, in its cast of characters and casual violence the Great Train Robbery typified the organized crime that flourished in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s. The “faces”, as the most notorious criminals were then known, hung out in smoky pubs on their self-designated patches. Groups such as the Richardsons, who were based in south London, and the Krays, in east London, mostly made their money extorting from local businesses and petty criminals. Reputation was everything: to get involved in the racket, criminals would have to beat up a few prominent people, or spend some time in prison.
“火车大劫案”中案犯们的性格以及随意暴力所表现出的胆大包天都具有二十世纪六七十年代在英国十分猖獗的有组织犯罪的典型特点。这些声名狼藉的罪犯随后被发现在他们自己标榜的领地泡吧。像伦敦南部的Richardsons以及东部的Krays一样，这种团伙大部分都靠敲诈本土企业以及小规模犯罪谋利。在这行，名声就是一切：为了入行，罪犯不得不殴打一些知名人士或者在监狱蹲上一段时间。
That world ended in the 1970s and 1980s. Sentences got stiffer; Bertie Smalls, an armed robber turned “super grass”, informed on dozens of London's criminals. The spectacular Brink's-Mat robbery of 1983, when six robbers stole ￡26m (then $38m) in cash, diamonds and gold from a warehouse at Heathrow airport, led to much infighting. Most disruptive was the rise of the drugs trade. Drugs were more profitable than extortion and robbery—but they also rewarded different skills. Instead of relying exclusively on hard men, criminal outfits also needed foreign connections to import the drugs, distribution networks to sell them and a way of laundering the cash.
上述情形于二十世纪七八十年代销声匿迹。判决更加严厉;全副武装的强盗伯蒂向警方告密，检举几十个伦敦的罪犯。1983年的的Brink's-Mat劫案导致了许多的混战，六名劫匪从希斯罗机场的仓库里偷走价值260万英镑(约合380万美元)的现金、钻石和黄金。最具破坏性的还属毒品交易的增长。毒品比敲诈和抢劫获利更多，但同时他们也需要不同的技能。犯罪团伙需要国外货源、分销渠道以及洗钱途径，而不仅仅是几个硬汉。
Since then, Britain's organized crime scene has diversified sharply. Whereas gangs were once extremely local—defined by their territory—crime is now much more globalised, says Charlie Edwards of the Royal United Services Institute, a think-tank. One visible change is the arrival of criminals with foreign origins. Turkish gangsters import a lot of heroin. Eastern European smugglers import sex workers and export stolen cars; some Vietnamese immigrants run cannabis factories.
从那时起，英国有组织犯罪的情况迅速变得多样化。一个智囊团——英国皇家联合服务研究院的查理·爱德华说，曾经的帮派都是按照他们的领地划分，具有本土化特点，而现在的犯罪则更加全球化。一个可以察觉到的变化是大批具有外国血统的罪犯的到来。土耳其黑帮进口大量海洛因。东欧走私者进口性工作者并出口赃车;一些越南移民经营着大麻工厂。
Yet when it comes to crime, Britain's trade balance is probably positive. Most gangsters are still white, British and have working-class roots, according to Dick Hobbs, a criminologist at the University of Essex. They are just better connected than their forebears—and have roamed much farther. The large number of British expatriates in places such as Amsterdam and southern Spain gives cover to British criminals. Mark Lilley, a bodybuilder and drug dealer from Merseyside was arrested in Spain last month after 13 years on the run.
然而，当涉及到犯罪时，英国的贸易平衡可能是积极的。埃塞克斯大学的犯罪学家迪克·霍布斯表示，大部分黑帮至今还是由白人、英国人和有工人阶级根源的人组成。他们比父辈联系更加紧密，也逃得更远。在阿姆斯特丹和西班牙南部地区的大批英国侨胞给英国罪犯提供了掩护。一名来自默西塞德爱好健美的毒贩子经历了13年的逃亡生涯后上个月在西班牙被捕。
And today the fastest-growing scams are not connected to drugs. London has become a centre for global money-laundering, says Federico Varese, a specialist in mafias at Oxford University. Russian gangsters in particular route their cash through British banks. Home Office officials are concerned about electronic fraud and stock market manipulation by organized gangs, as well as corruption in government-procurement contracts.
时至今日，增长最快的骗局和毒品没有关系。牛津大学黑手党问题专家费德里克·瓦雷泽说伦敦已经变成了国际洗钱中心。特别是俄罗斯的黑帮通过英国银行洗钱。内政部官员担心电子欺诈、股市被黑帮操纵以及政府采购合约的腐败等情况。
All of which suggests that, 50 years after the Great Train Robbery, Britain's traditional blue-collar, hands-on crime is a thing of the past. In its place is something less visible and harder to police. That is still damaging, but in some ways the change is an improvement. Britain's murder rate is as low as it has been in decades—and murders connected to organized crime are few and far between. Gangsters have moved on. The Great Train Robbery, for all its grisly aplomb, now looks like little more than rather old-fashioned thuggery.
所有的一切都表明，在“火车大劫案”发生50年之后，英国传统的具有“蓝领”、“动手”标签的犯罪已经成为历史。取而代之的是一些更难发现和侦破的案件。那仍然具有破坏性，但从某种意义上来说也是一种进步。英国的谋杀率近几十年来一直很低，与有组织犯罪相关的谋杀更是少之又少。黑帮已经向前迈出一大步。因可怕的暴力而出名的“火车大劫案”现在看起来只不过是过时的暴行而已。
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